Malware, ransomware, phishing a me nā mea hoʻoweliweli ʻenehana a me nā ʻenehana ʻole. He malihini paha kēia mau ʻōlelo iā ʻoe. Akā, he mea maikaʻi ke ʻike hiki iā lākou ke manaʻo i ka pōʻino no kāu kamepiula, kelepona paʻalima a me nā polokalamu ʻē aʻe i pili i ka Pūnaewele. Hiki i nā mea hoʻouka ke komo i kāu waihona kālā ma o nā hoʻopunipuni a me nā papahana. A i ʻole hiki iā lākou ke laka mamao i ka pale a i ʻole e hoʻopili pololei i nā ʻike āpau o ke kamepiula, kelepona paʻa a papa paha. ʻO ke kūkākūkā me lākou he pilikia nui, hiki ke uku nui. ʻO ka loea palekana ʻo Jak Kopřiva mai ka hui ALEF ZERO kākau i lalo i kekahi mau kumu kumu e hiki ke kōkua iā ʻoe e pale maikaʻi i kāu kelepona.
E pili ana i ka mea kākau
ʻO Jan Kopřiva ke kuleana no kahi hui e mālama i ka palekana kamepiula a me ka nānā ʻana i nā hanana palekana ma nā hui nui. Hana ʻo ia i kahi ʻoihana ALEF ZERO, ka mea i hāʻawi aku i kāna mau mea kūʻai a me nā hoahana me nā ʻenehana ʻenehana piha i ke kahua o nā ʻoihana hui, nā kikowaena data, ka palekana cyber, ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻikepili a me ka hoʻihoʻi, akā ʻo nā ao ākea no nā makahiki he 24. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa pū ʻo Jan Kopřiva i nā poʻe loea mai nā ʻoihana he nui e pili ana i ka hana palekana me ka ʻikepili a pale iā ia mai nā hoʻouka ʻana.
ʻOiai ka pale ʻana, hiki i kāu kamepiula ke loaʻa i ka maʻi virus. No laila e nānā e hoʻāʻo i ka antivirus maikaʻi loa no kāu kamepiula.
1) E mālama i ka maʻemaʻe maʻemaʻe
Ua like ia me ka honua kino. I ka pae mua, pili mau ka palekana i ka hana a ka mea hoʻohana. Ke holoi ʻole ke kanaka i kona mau lima a hele i nā wahi hewa nui i ka pōʻeleʻele, ʻaʻole koke a ma hope paha e powa ʻia ʻo ia a loaʻa i kahi maʻi ʻoluʻolu ʻole. Pono e mālama ʻia ka maʻemaʻe maikaʻi ma ka pūnaewele, kahi e hiki ai iā mākou ke kapa iā ia he "cyber" hygiene. Hiki i kēia wale ke pale i ka mea hoʻohana. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā hana ʻenehana. Ma keʻano laulā, no laila ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ʻaʻole e kipa i nā pūnaewele pilikia (e laʻa me nā pūnaewele me nā lako polokalamu like ʻole) a ʻaʻole e wehe i nā faila ʻike ʻole ʻia.
2) Hoʻopili i kāu mau polokalamu
ʻO kahi kumu maʻamau o ka hoʻouka ʻana ʻo ia ka polokalamu kele pūnaewele a me nā polokalamu pili pūnaewele ʻē aʻe. Hoʻohana pinepine nā mea hoʻouka pūnaewele i nā nāwaliwali i ʻike mua ʻia o nā polokalamu kele a me nā polokalamu holomua. ʻO ia ke kumu he mea nui e hoʻomau i ka polokalamu ma kāu kamepiula. Ma kēia ala, ua kapa ʻia nā lua i patched a ʻaʻole hiki i nā mea hoʻouka ke hoʻohana hou iā lākou. Ke loaʻa ka ʻōnaehana patched i kahi mea hoʻohana, pale ʻia lākou mai nā hoʻouka kaua he nui me ka hana ʻole i kekahi mea ʻē aʻe.
No ka mea hoʻohana home maʻamau, inā hoʻokuʻu ʻia kahi mea hou no ka polokalamu kele pūnaewele, Acrobat Reader, Flash a i ʻole nā polokalamu ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻokomo ʻana. Akā, pono ʻoe e makaʻala loa i hiki ʻole i kahi leka hoʻopunipuni e pili ana i kahi hōʻano hou ke puka mai ma ka hōʻike, ʻo ia ka mea hiki, ma ka mea ʻē aʻe, he mea weliweli loa, no ka mea hiki i nā kānaka ke hoʻoiho i kahi mea ʻino i kā lākou kamepiula ma o ia.
3) E hoʻolohe pū i nā leka uila maʻamau
No ka hapa nui o nā mea hoʻohana maʻamau, ʻo kekahi o nā kumu nui o ka pōʻino ʻo ia ka leka uila. No ka laʻana, loaʻa paha iā lākou kahi leka e like me ka leka hoʻomaopopo mai kahi panakō, akā ʻo ka loulou i loko o ia mea e kuhikuhi ʻia i kahi ʻaoʻao i hana ʻia e ka mea hoʻouka kaua ma kahi o ka pūnaewele o ka panakō. Ma hope o ke kaomi ʻana i ka loulou, e lawe ʻia ka mea hoʻohana i kahi pūnaewele, kahi e hiki ai i ka mea hoʻouka ke unuhi i ka ʻikepili huna mai ka mea hoʻohana a i ʻole e hoʻomaka i kekahi ʻano hoʻouka kaua cyber.
Ma ke ala like, loaʻa paha nā code malicious i loko o ka leka uila a i ʻole code e hoʻoiho i kahi mea ʻino i ke kamepiula. I kēia hihia, ma waho aʻe o ka antivirus, e pale ka manaʻo maʻamau i ka mea hoʻohana. Inā pili i kekahi informace e pili ana i ka lanakila ʻana i nā kālā he nui i loko o ka hailona ʻaʻole ʻo ia i kūʻai ʻole i kahi tikiki, a ʻo kāna mea wale nō e hana ai, ʻo ka hoʻopiha ʻana i ka nīnau nīnau i hoʻopili ʻia, e lele paha kekahi mea mai loko mai o kēlā "nā nīnau" i ka manawa e wehe ai ka mea hoʻohana. . ʻOiai ma mua o ke kaomi ʻana i nā mea hoʻopili like ʻole e like me ka pdf a i ʻole nā faila excel, no laila pono e noʻonoʻo, no ka mea me kā lākou kōkua, hiki i nā mea hoʻouka ke hana i nā mea ʻoluʻolu loa me ka kamepiula.
Hiki ke nānā ʻia nā mea hoʻopili kānalua ma nā scanners i loaʻa i ka lehulehu ma mua o kou wehe ʻana iā lākou a hana i ka pōʻino hiki ʻole. ʻO kekahi o lākou, no ka laʻana www.virustotal.com. Ma laila naʻe, pono e noʻonoʻo e hoʻomau ʻia ka waihona i hāʻawi ʻia a me kāna ʻike i ka lehulehu i ka waihona o kēia lawelawe.
He mea maikaʻi nō hoʻi ka ʻike ʻana ʻo ka heluhelu wale ʻana i ka leka uila maʻamau ʻaʻole ia e hoʻopōʻino. He pōʻino ke kaomi ʻana i kahi loulou a i ʻole ka wehe ʻana i kahi mea hoʻopili.
4) E makaʻala no ke kaomi ʻana i nā loulou a hōʻoia i ke kumu o nā leka uila
He ʻoiaʻiʻo nō hoʻi ka ʻōlelo aʻo e pale i ka noʻonoʻo ʻole ke kaomi ʻana i nā loulou i nā leka uila, ʻoiai inā ʻaʻole 100% maopopo ka mea hoʻohana i ka leka uila mai ka mea hoʻouna āna i ʻōlelo ai. ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ʻo ia ke kākau lima i ka loulou i hāʻawi ʻia i loko o ka polokalamu kele pūnaewele, no ka laʻana ka helu e-banking. Inā hiki mai kekahi mea i mea kānalua paha, he manaʻo maikaʻi ia e hōʻoia ma o kahi ala kamaʻilio ʻē aʻe i hoʻouna ʻia e ka mea hoʻohana, inā he hoaaloha a he panakō paha. A hiki i kēlā manawa, mai kaomi i kekahi mea. Hiki i nā mea hoʻouka ke hoʻopunipuni i ka mea hoʻouna leka uila.
5) E hoʻohana i ka antivirus a me ka pā ahi, a me nā mana manuahi
He mea pono ke ʻike ua loaʻa pinepine ka ʻōnaehana hana i kahi antivirus a me kahi pā ahi i loko. Hoʻohana ka hapa nui o nā mea hoʻohana i nā ʻōnaehana hana mai Microsoft. ʻO kekahi mau mana hou Windows Ua loaʻa iā lākou kahi palekana antivirus maikaʻi i kūkulu ʻia i loko o lākou. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole ia e hōʻeha i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka pale hou, no ka laʻana, kahi pā ahi maikaʻi, antivirus, anti-ransomware, lako polokalamu IPS a me nā mea palekana ʻē aʻe. Aia ia i ka ʻike loea o kekahi a me kā lākou hana me kā lākou mau polokalamu.
Eia naʻe, inā mākou e hoʻi i ka mea hoʻohana maʻamau, he mea nui ka antivirus a me ka pā ahi. Inā ʻaʻole i hoʻokomo ʻia ka ʻōnaehana hana, a inā ʻaʻole makemake ka mea hoʻohana e hilinaʻi i nā mea hana i hoʻohui ʻia, hiki ke kūʻai ʻia lākou, ma ka pāʻoihana a me ka manuahi a i ʻole ma nā mana open source.
6) E pale pū i kāu mau polokalamu kelepona
I ka pale ʻana i ka ʻikepili, maikaʻi e noʻonoʻo e pili ana i nā polokalamu kelepona pū kekahi. Hoʻopili pū ʻia kēia mau mea i ka Pūnaewele a loaʻa iā mākou ka nui o nā ʻike koʻikoʻi a me ka hūnā ma luna o lākou. Nui nā mea hoʻoweliweli e hoʻopiʻi iā lākou. Wahi a ka hui ʻo McAfee, ka mea e pili ana, ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, ka hoʻopuka ʻana i ka code malicious, kokoke i ʻelua miliona mau ʻano malware hou no nā kelepona paʻa i ʻike ʻia i ka hapaha mua o kēia makahiki wale nō. Hoʻopaʻa inoa lākou ma kahi o 25 miliona.
Apple Loaʻa iā ia kahi ʻōnaehana hana paʻa a paʻa i kūkulu ʻia e kaupalena i nā koho i hāʻawi ʻia i nā noi a no laila e pale pono ai i ka ʻikepili iā ia iho. Hōʻike ia i kekahi manawa i kekahi mau nāwaliwali, akā hāʻawi maʻamau Apple palekana maikaʻi me ka ʻole o ka pono antivirus hou a i ʻole nā polokalamu palekana ʻē aʻe. Ina nae iOS ʻAʻole ia e hoʻonui hou ʻia no ka manawa lōʻihi, ʻoiaʻiʻo hoʻi e like me ka palupalu e like me nā ʻōnaehana ʻē aʻe.
U Androidʻoi aku ka paʻakikī. Nui nā mea hana kelepona i hoʻololi i kēia ʻōnaehana hoʻohana nui ʻia, e hoʻopiʻi nei i nā mea hou. Android hāʻawi i nā mea hoʻohana i ka ʻae liʻiliʻi ma mua o iOS a me nā polokalamu kelepona me kahi ʻōnaehana hana Android ʻo ia hoʻi kahi pahuhopu pinepine o ka hoʻouka ʻana. No kēia mau kumu, he mea kūpono ia Androide noʻonoʻo i ka anti-virus a i ʻole ka pale like ʻole.
7) Hoʻihoʻi
ʻO ka hope, he mea kūpono ke hoʻohui i hoʻokahi manaʻo koʻikoʻi. He mea maopopo paha ia, akā naʻe, poina nā mea hoʻohana he nui a i ka wā e hoʻomanaʻo ai lākou, ua lōʻihi paha ia no ka mea hiki ke hacked kā lākou hāmeʻa a laka ʻia ka ʻikepili, holoi ʻia a hoʻopili ʻia paha. Ke kākoʻo wale nei kēlā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo i ka ʻike waiwai iā ʻoe. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ka ʻikepili i nā manawa he nui a ma nā wahi he nui, kūpono i ke ao a me ke kino.
